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產品概述
光學快門
美國SRS（斯坦福公司）光學快門系統：
美國斯坦福公司*新推出2 種超低振動光學快門系統：SR470 激光快門控制器和SR474 四通激光快門驅動器, 這2 款快門系統的主要是針對光學實驗設計，振動很小，不會影響光學實驗。SR470 可直接給（一個）快門頭發信號，實現快門控制；而多通道的SR474，能驅動多達4 個快門頭，可由外部時間信號（TTL觸發信號）控制快門頭，或者手動控制多個快門的開合。
                          
SR470快門控制器
 
SR470 快門控制器可以給快門頭發出信號，達到控制快門開合的目的。曝光時間可以靈活設置，在0.1ms 的分辨率下，時間設置范圍為：4ms 到10000s ；可以設置先曝光和后曝光的時間；8 位數LED 顯示器顯示目前的參數為秒或是赫茲，時間可以精確到100ppm。
SR470 快門控制器具有多種觸發方式：內觸發、外觸發及面板操作。SR470具有GPIB、RS232 及ETHERNET（網絡）等接口，支持遠程控制。所有的設備功能都可以通過任何一個接口進行控制和讀取。SR470 快門控制系統具有自動檢測功能，若快門發生故障，可以通過顯示屏看到故障提示或聽到故障報警，能幫助您及時發現并排除故障，提高了實驗的可靠性。 

SR475光學快門


  SR474四通道快門驅動器

                                      
 SR470前面板


                                      
SR470后面板


SR470控制器參數：
 

SR475 快門頭是一款超低振動的快門頭，通過微處理器時序控制內部機械結構，可實現光束的完全通斷。不像普通的螺旋線式快門,SR475 快門頭包括閉環的DSP控制系統，使開環閉環更加精確，而且使震動和機械噪音降到*低，減少了光學平臺上的振動干擾。快門部件安裝在2 個藍寶石軸承之間，摩擦力降到*低，使快門具有大于一千萬次的使用壽命。 3mm 的通光孔經的設計使調整更加方便，通光孔徑能滿足各類光源使用要求。響應時間（上升和下降時間）可達500μs，調制頻率從直流電機到125Hz（任意占空比）可用。


快門電路控制部分

快門尺寸圖


快門片采用獨特的鈹-銅合金

SR475激光快門頭相關參數：


日本SIGMA公司光學快門：
日本SIGMA 公司的光學快門分為手動和電動產品。
手動快門：
1. 帶有遙控裝置（L=150mm），可以進行遠程操作；
2. 快門速度可以在T、B、1、1/2 ～ 1/500 秒之間設定；
3. 設置為T 時，按下釋放開關，快門打開，再次按下則關閉；
4. 設定為B 時，按下（不能松開）開關時，快門打開。

手動快門電


尺寸圖
 
日本SIGMA 公司的電動快門，分為控制器和快門兩部分。控制器分為1 軸（SSH-C1R）和4 軸（SSH-C4B）；快門分為：機械式快門(SSH-S) 和電磁式快門（SSH-R）。1 軸的控制器SSH-C1R 只能配合機械式快門SSH-S 使用。4 軸控制器SSH-C4B 可同時控制四個快門，觸發方式有：按鍵觸發、外部TTL 信號、上位機觸發等，使用時非常方便。

控制器參數：


光學斬波器

光學斬波器的主要作用是將連續光調制成為有固定頻率的光，同時輸出調制頻率。通常是與鎖相放大器配合使用。光學斬波器一般由控制單元、斬波裝置、斬波片和連接線等組成。
Chop frequency 4 Hz to 400 Hz (5/6 slot blade)
400 Hz to 3.7 kHz (25/30 slot blade)
Frequency stability 250 ppm/°C (typ.)
Frequency drift ＜2％，100HZ＜F＜3700HZ
Phase jitter (rms) 0.2° (50 Hz to 400 Hz)
0.5° (400 Hz to 3.7 kHz)
Frequency display 4-digit, 1 Hz resolution and accuracy
Frequency control 10-turn pot with 3 ranges:
4 Hz to 40 Hz
40 Hz to 400HZ
400 Hz to 3.7 kHz
Dual-Beam Experiment 0TO 10 VDC for 0 to 100 % of
full scale. Control voltage overrides
frequency dial.
Reference modes ƒinner, ƒouter, 5 × ƒouter, ƒinner + ƒouter,
ƒouter – ƒinner
Dimensions Controller: 7.7" × 1.8" × 5.1" (WHD)
Head: 2.8" × 2.1" × 1.0" (WHD)
Blade diameter 4.04" ± 0.002"
Cable length 6 ft.
Power 12 W, 100/120/220/240 VAC, 50/60 Hz
Warranty One year parts and labor on materials and workmanship, 90 days on motor

SR540 型光學斬波器是美國SRS（斯坦福）公司的產品，該產品采用內外孔雙頻設計，并可實現雙頻按指定模式工作，非常方便應用在雙光束光學實驗中。主要功能參數：頻率范圍：4Hz ～ 3.7KHz（內孔：4Hz ～ 400Hz ；外孔：400 ～ 3.7KHz）頻率輸出精度：＜ 2% 相位穩定度：0.2°～ 0.5°開放型斬波裝置斬波片經光化學腐蝕（發黑）和消磁處理。

SR540 Specifications
The SR540 chopper will handle all your optical chopping requirements — from simple measurements to dual-beam and intermodulation experiments. The SR540 has a 4-digit frequency display, front-panel frequency control, analog voltage frequency control, and two reference outputs with selectable operating modes. Two anodized aluminum blades are provided: a 5/6 slot blade for frequencies up to 400 Hz, and a 25/30 slot blade for frequencies up to 3.7 kHz. Reference outputs are provided for frequencies corresponding to each row of slots, as well as the sum and difference frequencies
 
SR540 Optical chopper $1195
O5402530 25/30 dual-slot replacement blade $50
O54056 5/6 dual-slot replacement blade $50
O5405 5-slot replacement blade $50
O54030 30-slot replacement blade $50
O540RCH Replacement chopper head $350


 


鎖相放大器：
SR830 型鎖相放大器為美國SRS（斯坦福）公司生產的數字雙相型鎖相放大器。
● 差動式或單端式輸入模式
● 電流或電壓信號輸入模式
● 2nv到1V的增益設置范圍（滿檔量程范圍）
● 0.001Hz到102.4kHz頻率響應范圍
● 自動調整增益、相位、動態儲備、補償設置
● 時間常數范圍：10μs到30ks
● 動態儲備（Dynamic Reserve）：>100dB主要特性差動式或單端式輸入模式
● 計算機接口：GPIB和RS-232

SR810 & SR830 DSP Lock-In Amplifiers
The SR810 and SR830 DSP Lock-In Amplifiers provide high performance at a reasonable cost. The SR830 simultaneously displays the magnitude and phase of a signal, while the SR810 displays the magnitude only. Both instruments use digital signal processing (DSP) to replace the demodulators, output
filters, and amplifiers found in conventional lock-ins. The SR810 and SR830 provide uncompromised performance with an operating range of 1 mHz to 102 kHz and 100 dB of driftfree dynamic reserve.

Input Channel  
The SR810 and SR830 have differential inputs with 6 nV/√Hz input noise. The input impedance is 10 MΩ, and minimum full-scale input voltage sensitivity is 2 nV. The inputs can also be configured for current measurements with selectable current gains of 106 and 108 V/A. A line filter (50 Hz or 60 Hz) and a 2× line filter (100 Hz or 120 Hz) are provided to eliminate line related interference. However, unlike conventional lock-in amplifiers, no tracking band-pass filter is needed at the input. This filter is used by conventional lockins to increase dynamic reserve. Unfortunately, band pass filters also introduce noise, amplitude and phase error, and
drift. The DSP design of these lock-ins has such inherently large dynamic reserve that no band pass filter is needed.

Extended Dynamic Reserve
The dynamic reserve of a lock-in amplifier, at a given fullscale input voltage, is the ratio (in dB) of the largest interfering signal to the full-scale input voltage. The largest interfering signal is defined as the amplitude of the largest signal at any frequency that can be applied to the input before the lock-in cannot measure a signal with its specified accuracy. Conventional lock-in amplifiers use an analog demodulator to mix an input signal with a reference signal. Dynamic reserve
is limited to about 60 dB, and these instruments suffer from poor stability, output drift, and excessive gain and phase error. Demodulation in the SR810 and SR830 is accomplished by sampling the input signal with a high-precision A/D converter, and multiplying the digitized input by a synthesized reference signal. This digital demodulation technique results in more than 100 dB of true dynamic reserve (no prefiltering) and is free of the errors associated with analog instruments.

Digital Filtering
The digital signal processor also handles the task of output filtering, allowing time constants from 10 μs to 30,000 s with a choice of 6, 12, 18 and 24 dB/oct rolloff. For low frequency measurements (below 200 Hz), synchronous filters can be engaged to notch out multiples of the reference frequency. Since the harmonics of the reference have been eliminated (notably 2F), effective output filtering can be achieved with much shorter time constants.

Digital Phase Shifting
Analog phase shifting circuits have also been replaced with a DSP calculation. Phase is measured with 0.01° resolution, and the X and Y outputs are orthogonal to 0.001°.

Frequency Synthesizer
The built-in direct digital synthesis (DDS) source generates a very low distortion (–80 dBc) reference signal. Single frequency sine waves can be generated from 1 mHz to 102 kHz with 4½ digits of resolution. Both frequency and amplitude can be set from the front panel or from a computer. When using an external reference, the synthesized source is phase locked to the reference signal.

Useful Features
Auto-functions allow parameters that are frequently adjusted to automatically be set by the instrument. Gain, phase, offset and dynamic reserve are quickly optimized with a single key press. The offset and expand features are useful when examining small fluctuations in a measurement. The input signal is quickly nulled with the auto-offset function, and resolution is increased by expanding around the relative value by up to 100×. Harmonic detection isn’t limited to 2F — any
harmonic (2F, 3F, ... nF) up to 102 kHz can be measured.

Analog Inputs and Outputs
Both instruments have a user-defined output for measuring X, R, X-noise, Aux 1, Aux 2, or the ratio of the input signal to an external voltage. The SR830 has a second, user-defined output that measures Y, θ, Y-noise, Aux 3, Aux 4 or ratio. The SR81 and SR830 both have X and Y analog outputs (rear panel) that are updated at 256 kHz. Four auxiliary inputs (16-bit ADCs) are provided for general purpose use — like normalizing the input to source intensity fluctuations. Four programmable outputs (16-bit DACs) provide voltages from –10.5 V to +10.5 V and are settable via the front panel or computer interfaces.

Internal Memory
The SR810 has an 8,000 point memory buffer for recording the time history of a measurement at rates up to 512 samples/s. The SR830 has two, 16k point buffers to simultaneously record two measurements. Data is transferred from the buffers using the computer interfaces. A trigger input is also provided to externally synchronize data recording.

Easy Operation
The SR810 and SR830 are simple to use. All functions are set from the front-panel keypad, and a spin knob is provided to quickly adjust parameters. Up to nine different instrument configurations can be stored in non-volatile RAM for fast and easy instrument setup. Standard RS-232 and GPIB (IEEE- 488.2) interfaces allow communication with computers.

· 1 mHz to 102.4 kHz frequency range
· >100 dB dynamic reserve
· 5 ppm/°C stability
· 0.01 degree phase resolution
· Time constants from 10 μs to 30 ks
(up to 24 dB/oct rolloff)
· Auto-gain, -phase, -reserve and -offset
· Synthesized reference source
· GPIB and RS-232 interfaces

Ordering Information
SR830       DSP dual phase lock-in $4950
                   amplifier (w/ rack mount)
SR810       DSP single phase lock-in $4150
                    amplifier (w/ rack mount)
SR550       Voltage preamplifier $750
                    (100 MΩ, 3.6 nV/√Hz)
SR552       Voltage preamplifier $750
                    (100 kΩ, 1.4 nV/√Hz)
SR554       Transformer preamplifier $1200
                    (0.091 nV/√Hz)
SR555       Current preamplifier $1095
SR556       Current preamplifier $1095
SR540       Optical chopper